8061  '12  W  Itfd 
A  'X  ' 


THE 


Mineralogy  of  Pennsylvania. 


THE 

MINERALOGY    OF   PENNSYLVANIA. 


TIKIS 


Mineralogy  of  Pennsylvania, 


BY 


JOHN  EYERMAN. 


PART  I. 

To  he  luted  n*  <t  Supplement  in  connection  with  Dr.  fr^.  A.  (funth's 
"Preliminary  Report  on  tlir  Mineralogy  of  Pennsylvania,*' 

(1875.) 


BASTON,  PA.: 

1889. 


LIST  OF  JOURNALS  QUOTED  IN  THIS  WORK. 


Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences. 

Proceedings  of  the  Mineralogical  and  Geological  Section  of  the  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences. 

Proceedings  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society. 

American  Chemical  Journal.  ' 

American  Journal  of  Science. 

Reports  of  the  Second  Geological  Survey  of  Pennsylvania. 


MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


1.  SILVER.  (4)i 

According  to  Dr.  D.  B.  Brunncr,  traces  of  silver  occur  in  Berks 
countv,  at  North  Reading,  in  Oley  township,  and  on  Cushion 
Mt. 

2.  COPPER.  (4) 

Native  copper  is  found  on  Bingham's  farm,  three  miles  north- 
east of  Monterey  Springs,  Adams  count}*. 

3.  SULPHUR,   (7) 

Some  good  sized  masses  of  sulphur  were  found  by  me,  several 
years  ago,  at  the  Ueberroth  zine  mine,  Priedensville,  Lehigh  Co., 
probably  resulting  from  the  dcsulphuration  of  the  sphalerite. 


4.  GRAPHITE.  (8) 

Graphite  occurs,  with  gneiss  and  quartz  on  A.Johnson's  farm 
S.  E.  from  Feastcrvillc,  Bucks  Co.,  also  on  the  farms  of  Messrs. 
Fegely,  Bechtcl  and  Himmelreich  in  the  vicinity  of  Boyertown, 
at  Dr.  Punk's  fish-pond,  on  Schneck's  farm,  in  Longs  warn  p  twp., 
at  Siesholtzville,  at  Antietam  Lake,  and  in  yellow  jasper  at  the 
Kinzi  mine,  Stony  creek,  all  in  Berks  Co.  I  have  occasionally 
met  with  graphite,  coating  the  granite  at  "  Marble  Hill,"  oppo- 
site Kaston  and  one  mile  north  of  Phillipsburg,  N.  J. 

1  Refers  to  page  in  Dr.  Genth's  Report. 


MINERALOGY    OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 

5.  GALEN1TK.  (10) 

Galcnite  occurs  in  many  localities  throughout  the  State.  At 
one  mile  N.  E.  of  McConnellstown,  Huntingdon  Co.,  it  is  found 
near  the  contact  of  the  Lewistowti  limestone  with  the  underlying 
Onondaga  shales.  According  to  Dr.  Brim  nor,  it  is  occasionally 
found  at  Fritz  Island,  Berks  Co..  and  associated  with  sphalerite,  it 
occurs  at  Victor  Hollow,  Georges  twp.,  Fayette  Co. 

At  the  Mill  view  limestone  quarry  near  Forksvilie,  Sullivan 
Co.,  in  small  pieces  in  the  upper  layer  of  the  limestone  At 
Doughty  mine,  a  few  miles  south  of  Sunbury,  in  Northumber- 
land Co.,  it  is  found  in  considerable  quantity,  associated  with 
sphalerite.  This  mine  was  unsuccessfully  operated,  a  few  years 
ago,  by  the  Susquehanna  Mining  and  Smelting  Co. 

At  a  mine  near  Espy,  Columbia  Co.,  small  quantities  of  galen- 
iteand  sphalerite  were  formerly  mined,  and  small  quantities  have 
been  found  near  Frystown,  York  Co. 

6.  BOHNITR.    (12) 

Small  quantities  of  bornite  have  been  found  at -Fritz  Island 
mine  and  at  Jones'  mine,  Berks  Co. 

7.  SPHALERITF.   (14.) 

ft  is  occasionally  found  on  Turn's  farm,  Middle  Smithh'eld  twp., 
Monroe  Co. 

It  was  formerly  mined  at  the  New  Britain  mine,  Bucks  Co., 
at  the  Doughty  mine  near  Sunbury,  at  Victor  Hollow,  Fayette 
Co.,  and  at  the  Keystone  mines  in  Sinking 'Valley,  Blair  Co.,  at 
Herr's  Zinc  Mine,  three  miles  north  from  Lancaster. 

In  the  Museum  of  Lafayette  College  there  is  a  specimen  of 
sphalerite  with  siderite,  from  Scranton. 

8.  CHALCOCITE.    (10) 

Some  years  ago,  I  observed  a  single  specimen  of  chalcocite  in 
quart/  at  the  Kcton  Whim  shaft,  near  Shannonville.  Montgom- 
ery ( -o. 


MINERALOGY    OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 


According  to  P.  Frazer,  Jr.,  chalcocite  (in  ore;  occurs  at  the 
Big  Hill,  Cornwall.  Also  sparingly  at  Fritz's  Island  and  at 
Jones'  Mine,  Berks  Co. 


9.  MILLBRITB.  (16) 

Millerite,  in  capillary  crystals,  is  found  in  cavities  of  dolomite 
at  the  soapstone  quarry,  at  Lafayette,  Montgomery  Co.  (T.  D. 
Rand.) 


10.  PYRRHOTITE.  (17) 

Occurs  at  Boyertown,  Raudenbush  mine  and  Ohlinger  dam, 
and  a  nickeliferous  variety  at  Fritztown,  Berks  Co. 


11.  PYRITE.  (19) 

I  have  seen  some  remarkably  fine  stalactical  masses  of  pyrite, 
from  a  limonite  mine  near  Shimersville,  Lehigh  Co. 

It  occurs  with  gneiss  at  Paxon'sfarm,  near  Feasterville,  Bucks 
Co. 

At  Breinig's  limonite  mine,  near  Breinigsville,  Lehigh  Co. 

At  Cornog's  farm,  near  Cedar  Hollow  station,  Tredyffrin  twp., 
Chester  Co.,  imbedded  in  "  bastard  "  marble. 

At  VVhiteland  station,  Chester  Co.,  with  "bastard  "  marble. 

I  have  noticed  considerable  quantities  of  pyrite  at  the  Wheat- 
field  magnetite  mine,  near  Fritztown.  Berks  Co. 

In  Blair  Co.  pyrite  occurs  associated  with  sphalerite  and  gale- 
nate  at  the  Keystone  zinc  mines,  near  Birmingham. 

In  York  Co.  pyrite  coated  with  limonite,  two  miles  from  York 
city. 

Dr.  Valentine,  of  Lebanon,  has  observed  radiating  pyrite  S. 
of  the  Cornwall  banks,  Lebanon  Co. 


I)  MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Pine  octahedral  crystals  occur  at  Boyertown  and  at  Fritz's 
Island,  Berks  Co.  and  globular  radiating  specimens  are  found  in 
Centre  and  Windsor  townships,  (Berks  Co.) 

"  Cubic  crystals,  from  i  to  2  inches  in  diameter,  occur  loose 
in  the  soil  near  "  Fetter's  Mill,'  East  Whiteland  twp." 

The  finest,  best  developed  and  largest  crystals  of  pyrite  are 
found  at  the  French  Creek  mines,  at  St.  Peter's,  Warwich  twp., 
Chester  Co. 

For  a  detailed  crystallographic  description  of  pyrite  from  this 
locality  the  reader  is  referred  to  Mr.  Penfield's  admirable  article 
"  On  some  curiously  developed  pyrite  crystals  from  French  Creek, 
Delaware  (Chester  J.  E.)  Co.,  Pa."  (Am.  J.  Sci.,  Vol.  37,  March 
1889,)  and  for  a  general  account  of  the  occurrences,  to  my  paper 
"  On  the  Mineralogy  of  the  French  Creek  Mines"  (N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci., 
Jan.  14th,  1889.) 


12.  CHALCOPYRITE.  (21) 

Associated  with  azurite  and  malachite,  chalcopyrite  was  ob- 
served by  me,  some  years  ago,  at  the  so-called  "  Copper  Mine"  a 
few  miles  from  Sellersville,  Montgomery  Co.  Also  at  Boyer- 
town, Berks  Co.,  and  at  the  French  Creek  Mines,  St.  Peter's, 
Chester  Co.* 


13.  MARCAS1TE.  (22. 

According  to  Dr.  Brunner,  of  Reading,  this  mineral  is  found 
in  Berks  Co.,  at  Epplcr's  quarry,  at  Leesport  and  at  Fritz  Island. 


14.    FLUORITE.  (29) 

Fluorite  occurs  at  the  Kleckner  limestone  quarries  near  Hal- 
lietsville,  Lehigh  Co.     Colors:  green,  purple  and  pink.     Imper- 

*MiiM>ralo<ry  of  French  ('reck    Mines. 


MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  < 

feet  octahedral  forms  were  observed.     Analyses  of  purple  and 
green  varieties  by  Dr.  E.  F.  Smith1  resulted  : 

Purple  Variety. 

Fl 49.20 

Ca 50.87 

trace 


100.07 

Green  variety. 

Fl 49.00 

Ca 50.91 

Fe2O3 .trace 


99.91 
Sp.  gr.  3.17-3.24. 

Purple  fluorite,  in  perfect  octahedra,  occurs  S.  of  Emaus, 
Lehigh  Co. 

Forming  thin  films  on  the  limestone  it  occurs  in  the  Ironton 
R.  R.  Co.'s  quarry  at  Ironton,  Lehigh  Co. 

And  massive,  of  a  deep  purple  color,  in  the  limestone  near 
the  village  of  Howellville,  in  Tredyifrin  twp.,  Chester  Co. 

In  cubes  of  a  deep  blue  color,  in  the  limestone  at  Leinbach's 
Hill  and  at  the  "  Big  Dam  "  S.  of  Reading;  at  Brook's  quarry, 
N".  of  Reading;  in  DeTurk's  quarr^,  Exeter  twp.;  at  the 
Wheatfield  mine  in  amber  colored  crystals ;  at  the  Fritz  Island 
mine,  and  as  pale,  topaz-colored  modified  cubes,  associated  with 
calcite,  at  Fritztown,  Berks  Co.  These  latter  measuring  £  to  f 
of  an  inch  in  diameter. 


15.  CUPRITE.    (30) 

Cuprite  occurs  sparingly  at  the  Jones  Mine  and  at  Boyertown, 
Berks  Co.  I  have  been  unable  to  obtain  specimens  from  either 
place. 

1  Am.  Chem.  Jour.,  V,  272 


8  MINERALOGY  OP  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Bright  vermilion,  earthy   incrustations   occur   at  the   gneiss 
quarries  at  Frankford,  Philadelphia. 


16.  MELACONITE.  (31) 

Five  or  six  years  ago,  I    obtained   a  specimen  of  melaconite, 
associated  with  malachite,  from  Franklintown,  Adams  Co. 
Also  occurs  sparingly  at  Jones'  Mine,  Berks  Co. 


17.  CORUNDUM.  (31) 

An  attempt  was  made  several  years  ago,  at  Shimersville,  Le- 
high  Co.,  to  mine  corundum.  The  result,  however,  was  not  a 
financial  success,  although  a  considerable  quantity  of  the  mineral 
was  taken  out.  I  was  able  to  obtain  a  quantity  of  fairly  well 
developed  prisms,  some  of  which  measured  8cm  by  3cm. 

An  analysis  by  Dr.  B.  F.  Smith1  resulted  : 

SiO2 3.28 

H2O.... 1.37 

A12O3 85.75 

Fe2O3 4.26 

Ti()2 2.74 

MgO trace 

CaO..  ..1.99 


99.39 
Sp.  gr.  3.898. 


18.  MENACCANITE.  (35) 

Occurs  massive  at  George  Hammit's  quarries,  one  mile  East 
of  Kdge  Hill  furnace,  Montgomery  Co. 

In  small  crystals  and  granular  at  the  corumdum  mine  near 
Shimersville,  Lehigh  Co. 

1  Am.  Clteni.  Jour..  V.  •_'::•. 


MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  9 

Near  Adamstown,  Lancaster  Co.,  it  is  found  in  large  crystals 
in  quartz. 

An  analysis  by  Knerr  and  Brunner1  resulted  : 

SiO2 0.50 

TiO2 13.31 

Fe2O3 53.36 

FeO! 32.38 

99.55 
Sp.  gr.  4.6. 

Near  Texas,  Lancaster  Co.,  it  occurs  massive  and  has  been 
mined  as  an  ore  of  iron. 

Abundant  at  the  Girard  Avenue  Bridge  tunnel,  Fairmount 
Park,  Philadelphia.  One  crystal  found  by  Mr.  G-.  H.  Parker  is 
"  quite  lustrous  in  appearance  and  measures  £  of  an  inch  in 
thickness  by  one  inch  in  width.  Its  general  form  is  that  of  an 
almost  perfect  half-circle,  the  whole  being  partly  imbedded  edge- 
wise in  a  matrix  of  quartz." 


19.  CHROMITE.  (39) 

I  am  indebted  to  E.  Mortimer  Bye,  Esq.,  of  Wilmington,  Del., 
for  the  following  complete  statistics  of  the  chrome  production : 

Lancaster  Co.  TONS. 

1.  Wood's  Mine,2  depth  800 200,000 

2.  Line  Pit  |  ^  Q 

3.  Jenkins'  Mine  j 

4.  Carter's  mine 600 

5.  Rock  Spring  Mine,  (B  41) ....".. 1,000 

6.  Little  Horse  Shoe  Mine 30 

Chester  Co. 

7.  Scott's  Mine,  (W.  Nottingham) 6,000 

8.  Smaller  Mines,  including  "  White  Barrens," 500 

Delaware  Co. 

9.  Several  small  pockets '  . .  about         200 

1  Am.  Chem.  Jour.,  VI,  413 

2  This  mine  is  said  to  have  netted  its  owners  at  least  $5,000,000. 


10  MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Sand  or  Stream  Chrome. 

10.  E.  and  W.  Nottingham,  Chester  Co.          j 

11.  And  Little  Britain  twp.,  Lancaster  Co.    j  

12.  Middletown  twp.,  Delaware  Co t .  . .  .         500 

The  total  production,  therefore,  has  probably  been  about 
245,000  tons. 

Wood's  Mine  was  opened  in  1834  and  worked  to  a  depth  of 
800  feet,  when  it  exhausted,  and  in  1881  was  stripped  and  aban- 
doned. Since  then  the  other  mines  have  been  abandoned,  and 
the  United  States  now  receives  the  majority  of  its  chrome  ore 
from  the  Urals  in  Russia  .and  from  Turkey  in  Asia. 

Chromite  also  occurs  on  the  Williamson  property,  Delaware 
Co. 

At  Radnor  and  in  Upper  Providence,  Marple  and  Newtown 
twps.,  Delaware  Co. 

In  octahedral  crystals  at  Taylor's  qurrry,  one  mile  N.  of  West 
Chester. 


20.   RUTILE.  (44) 

Rtitile  in  quartz  occurs  near   Embreville,  Newlin    township, 
Chester  Co. 


21.  PYROLUSITE.  (45) 

Associated  with  limonite,  this  mineral  is  found  at  Ray's  hill, 
near  Robinsonville,  Monroe  twp.,  Bedford  Co. 

At  Dry  Hollow,  Huntingdon  Co.,  associated  with  wad  and 
psilomelane. 

On  the  farm  of  Jacob  Stine,  in  Upper  Milford  twp.,  Lehigh 
Co.,  two  miles  S.  of  Macungie.  it  occurs  mixed  with  limonite, 
and  ut  the  village  of  Mountainville,  S.  of  Allentown,  it  is  found 


MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  11 

in  fine   crystals    coating  the  interior  of   the   limonite   nodules. 
An  analysis  by  Dr.  E.  F.  Smith1  gave 

SiO2 9.93 

Fe2O3 4.21 

A12O3 trace 

MnO2 82.66 

Mn3O4 3.13 


99.93 

22.  TURGITE.  (46) 

23.  GOTHITE.   (48) 

It  is  unnecessary  to  give  any  localities  under  these  two  spe- 
cies, both  of  which  are  generally  associated  with  limonite,  and 
as  such  they  may  be  found  at  the  several  hundred  mine  openings 
throughout  the  counties  of  Northampton,  Lehigh  and  Berks, 
and  at  the  various  other  limonite  mines  scattered  over  the  State. 

24.  XANTHOSIDERITE. 

This  hydrous  iron  oxide  is  found  at  four  localities  in  Berks 
Co.,  at  Flint  Hill,  Pricetown,  Lyons  and  Fleetwood. 

25.  BRUCITE.  (51) 

This  mineral  is  found  botryoidal  and  laminar,  at  Fritz's  Island, 
at  Ruth's  mine,  and  two  miles  S,  of  Sinking  Spring,  Spring  twp., 
Berks  Co. 

Analysis  of  the  brucite  from  Fritz  Island  (a)  and  Sinking 
Spring,  (b)  by  Drs.  Schoenfield  and  Smith2  gave 

a.  b. 

MgO. 66.78 66.19 

Fe2O3 0.44 1.68 

CaO 1.24 

H2O 32.52 31.05 


99.74  100.16 


1  Am.  Chem.  Jour.,  V,  277. 

2  Ibid  V,  281. 


12  MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

26.  PSILOMELANE.    (53) 

I  have  obtained  some  beautiful  stalactitic  specimens  from  the 
Bennett  mine,  one  mile  S.  of  South  Easton.  Large  botryoidal 
masses  of  a  cobaltifererous  variety  occur  at  Wharton's  mine, 
three  miles  from  Hellertown,  Northampton  Co. 

Considerable  quantities  have  been  occasionally  met  with  at 
the  Ironton  Co.  — Balliet  mine,  at  Tronton,  Lehigh  Co. 

An  analysis  by  Mr.  H.  Pemberion,  Jr.,1  resulted 

Manganese  binoxide , .    ...  84.88 

Manganous  oxide    3.77 

Oxide  of  cobalt 1.68 

Oxide  of  nickel trace 

Baryta trace 

Lime 1.90 

Magnesia 0.79 

Soda 0.19 

Potash 3.50 

Water..  .   4.38 


101.09 

Occurs  also  at  the  Dry  Hollow  mine,  Huntingdon  Co.,  asso- 
ciated with  wad  and  pyrolusite. 

In  Berks  Co.  good  specimens  have  been  obtained  at  the  Rock- 
land  Forgo. 


27.  WAD.  (53) 

1  have  observed  some  beautiful  specimens  of  dendritic  wad. 
coating  the  limonite,  at  the  Ackerman  mine,  S.  from  Glendon, 
Northampton  Co. 

Several  tons  of  wad  were  mined,  some  years  ago,  at  Great 
Bend,  Susquehanna  Co. 

It  is  found  in  small  quantities  in  Westfall  township,  Pike  Co., 
and  in  Bethel  and  Darby  townships,  Delaware  Co. 

1  Second  Geological  Survey.  Vol.  PI>,  12. 


MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  13 

Reniform  wad,  coating  Pottsville  conglomerate  at  W  ray's  Hill 
tunnel,  Huntington  Co.  and  at  Dry  Hollow  mine. 

It  is  also  quite  abundant  at  many  localities  in  Venango,  Co. 

The  following  are  the  localities  in  Berks  Co. : 

Globular,  near  Birclsboro  ;  massive,  in  the  old  Oley  tunnel 
mine;  at  Lyons,  Althouse  farm,  Maiden  Creek  ;  in  mammillary 
concretions  near  the  Morgantown  road,  J  mile  below  Lancaster 
bridge. 

I  have  obtained  a  specimen  of  dendritic  wad  from  Cornwall, 
Lebanon  Co. 

It  is  also  found  at  Hitner's  marble  quarries,  in  Plymouth 
twp.,  Montgomery  Co.,  and  contains  a  small  percentage  of  cobalt. 

The  variety  Asbolite  occurs  at  Flouriown,  Montgomery  Co., 
where  it  forms  an  incrustation  upon  psilomelane. 


28.  QUARTZ.  (55) 

Sec.  I.  Crystalline. — Five  or  six  years  ago  I  obtained  a  very 
clear  hexagonal  crystal,  with  good  faces  and  termination,  at  the 
Court  House  grounds,  Easton,  Pa.  The  length  is  about  6icm- 
Many  smaller  crystals  were  also  found,  some  of  them  perfectly 
clear.  Another  good  locality  in  Easton  is  at  the  vacant  lot  at 
Northampton  and  Twelfth  streets.  I  have  also  observed  fine 
crystals,  in  groups,  at  Flint  Hill,  near  Lcithsville,  Northampton 
Co. 

Transparent  crystals  occur  on  Lee's  farm,  S.  E.  of  Friedens- 
burg,  and  in  Windsor,  Greenwich  townships,  Berks  Co. 
Doubly  terminated  crystals  occur  at  Noll's  mine,  Fleetwood, 
Berks  Co.  In  the  same  county  small  crystals  are  found  at  Fritz 
Island,  and  at  the  Crystal  Cave.  Virginsville.  Also  near  Buffalo 
Run,  Patton  twp.,  Centre  Co. 

Drusy  quartz,  in  clusters,  occurs  at  the  Barren  ridge,  near 
West  Chester,  at  Birmingham  quarries,  and  at  Strode's  mill,  S. 
of  West  Chester. 

Sec.  II.  Amethystine. — Crystals  of  a  deep  purple  color  occur 
scattered  through  the  soil  from  one  to  one  and  a  half  miles  S. 
of  West  Chester.  In  Pennsbury  occur  brilliant  crystals  ;  on 


14  MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

the  farm  of  W.  Painter  the  crystals  are  penetrated  by  needles 
of  rutile.  Crystals  of  a  good  color  have  been  found  near  Em- 
breeville,  Chester  Co. 

Sec.  III.  Smoky. — A  short  time  ago  I  received  a  remarkably 
clear  and  well  developed  crystal  10  cm.  in  length,  said  to  have 
been  found  in  the  vicinity  of  Hellertown,  Northampton  County. 
Crystals  also  occur  in  Bethel  and  Upper  Darby  townships  and 
near  Glen  Riddle,  Delaware  Co.,  in  Sadsbury,  Chester  Co.,  on 
Updegrove's  farm  in  Union,  on  Berg's  farm  in  Albany,  in  Wind- 
sor twp.,  and  on  Flint  Hill,  Berks  Co. 

Sec.  IV.  Blue. — Blue  quartz  is  found  in  large  masses  of  a  deep 
color,  two  miles  N.  of  Lionville,  Chester  Co.  ;  also  at  Radnor, 
Delaware  Co. 

Sec.  V.  Milky. — This  variety  is  found  in  Bethel  township,  Del- 
ware  Co.,  and  at  Cornwall.  Lebanon  Co. 

Sec.  VI.  Ohalcedony.  — Good  specimens  are  found  at  Texas,  Lan- 
caster Co.,  at  Fleetwood,  Friedensburg,  Mertztown  and  Fritz  Is- 
land in  Berks  Co.,  and  near  Edgmont,  Delaware  Co.;  at  Cornwall, 
Lebanon  Co.,  in  mammillary  and  botryoidal  forms,  of  a  pale- 
brown  or  greenish  color. 

Sec.  VII.  Agate.  -In  Berks  Co.  agate  occurs  at  Wernersville, 
Bornegratz's,  Gottschall's,  Flint  Hill  and  Mertztown. 

Sec.  VIII.  Agate-jasper. — At  all  the  localities  given  under  Sec. 
VII. 

Sec.  IX.  Hornstone.  —  This  variety  is  found  at  Fridensburg, 
Berks  Co. 

Sec.  X.  Jasper. — Occurs  at  all  the  localities  given  under  Sec. 
VII,  at  Cornwall,  Lebanon  Co.,  on  the  "  Barren  Ridge,"  N.  from 
West  Chester,  and  at  "Rock  Springs,"  near  Texas,  Lancaster  Co. 

2!>.   OPAL.  (61) 

The  variet}T  hyalite  occurs  on  gneiss  near  t  lie  West  Chester  turn 
pike,  YN^illistown  township,  Chester  Co.,  and  of  a  beautiful  light 
green  color,  perfectly  transparent,  on  gneiss,  at  a  quarry  on  Mill 
street,  German  town. 


MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  15 

30.  ENSTATITE.  (62) 

There  is  a  specimen  of  enstatite  in  the  museum  of  Lafayette 
College,  from  Newportville,  Bucks  Co.  Also  one  from  Spring 
Mill,  Montgomer}^  Co. 

Enstatite  from  Rose's  quarry,  opposite  Lafayette,  Montgomery 
Co.  has  been  analyzed  by  Mr.  H.  Trimble1  who  found  : 

i.  n. 

Silicic  acid 53.41         53.32 

Alumina 2.12  2.13 

Ferric  oxide 4.66  4.72 

Ferrous  oxide 5.71  5.71 

Manganous  oxide 0.87  0.38 

Magnesia 32.47         33.72 


99.24         99.98 
Also  found  in  West  Nottingham  twp.,  Chester  Co. 

31.  PYROXENE.  (64) 

According  to  Dr.  Brunner,  the  largest  crystals  found  in  Berks 
Co.  occur  at  G-ottschall's  farm,  in  Alsace  twp. 

It  is  abundant  in  the  vicinity  of  Antietam  Lake  and  at  Ranch's 
mine,  in  Hereford  twp.;  also  at  Ohlinger's  Dam  ;  at  Eschbach- 
ville,  Sparr's  mine;  Boyertown  ;  Raudenbush  mine,  Berks  Co., 
and  two  miles  from  Hosensack  station,  Lower  Milford  twp., 
Lehigh  Co. 

Variety  a.  Sahlite. — An  analysis  of  this  variety  from  Seisholtz- 
ville.  Berks  Co.,1  resulted  : 

Silica 49.30 

Ferric  oxide 0.53 

Alumina 14.98 

Ferrous  oxide 6.02 

Magnesia 8.27 

Lime..  ..21.45 


IGcol.  ofPcnn.,  C6129. 

1  Sydney  Castle  Geol.  of  Perm.,  D  p.  6. 


100.55 

— _ 


<>  MINERALOGY    OF   PENNSYLVANIA. 

It  is  slso  found  massive  and  crystallized  at  the  French  Creek 
Mines,  St.  Peter's,  Chester  Co.  Some  of  these  crystals  attain  a, 
length  of  42mm- 

b.  Mussite. — This  occurs  in  East  Bradford  twp  ,  Chester  Co. 

c.  Augite. — In  Berks  Co.  at  Babb's  tavern  and  at  Ohlingcr  mill, 
six  miles  E.  of  Reading. 

d.  Pyrallolite. — At  the  French  Creek  mines,  St.  Peter's,  Chester 
Co.,  massive  and  occasionally  radiating  of  a  light  pink  color. 

32.  ANTHOPHYLLITE. 

Dr.  Genth  describes  this  under  amphibole  (actinolite,)  but!  pre- 
fer, however,  to  treat  it  as  a  distinct  species.  It  occurs  in  beau- 
tiful radiations  of  a  yellowish  brown  color,  two  miles  N.  of  Mediar 
Delaware  Co.,  and  at  Texas,  Lancaster  Co. 


33.  AMPHIBOLE.  (66) 

a.  Actinolite.'— Ij&st  fall,  (Oct.  1888)  I  discovered  some   fine 
crystals  of  actinolite  associated  with  tremolite,  a  few  rods  N\  W. 
of  the  Electric  R.  R.  car  house,  College  Hill,  Easton.    Massive;  and 
crystallized  it  is  found  at  the  following  localities  in  the  vicinity 
of  Easton  :  Herster's  dam  H  miles  W.  of  the  city  ;  at  several  talc. 
openings  along  theBushkill  creek  ;  along  the  Delaware  River  and 
at  several  places  along  the  Chestnut  Ridge  N.  from  the  city.  Near 
the  Black  Horse  tavern,  Delaware  Co.,  it  occurs  glassy,  of  a  deep 
green  color,  in  round  crystalline  masses  and  also  in  broad  blades 
of  a  light  green  color,  and  at  the  Birmingham  quarries  S.  of  West 
Chester. 

b.  Byssolite. — According  to  Mr.  Matters,  the  superintendent, 
I  have   now  in  my    possession   the   finest    specimen  of  hyssnlito 
taken   from    the    French   Creek   mines,   St.  Peter's,  Chester   Co 
This  specimen  contains  hundreds  of  perfect  needle-like  crystals. 
many  of  which  are  4'2mm  in  length. 

It  also  occurs  here,  disseminated  throughout  the   calcite.  and 
for    which  I  have    proposed  the   name    "  />'//x.W///V    i-nlrite"      In 


MINERALOGY  OP  PENNSYLVANIA.  17 

Berks  Co.  it  is  found  at  Jones'  mine  (C.  M.  Wheatley),  at  Ohling- 
er  dam,  Antietam  Lake,  Boyertown  and  in  Longswamp  twp. 

c.  Tremolite. — Associated  with  actinolite  it  is  found  at  all  the 
Easton  localities  given  above. 

d.  Asbestus. — In  short  fibre,  it  occurs  at  Harman's  blacksmith 
shop,  Warrington  twp.,  York  Co.  ;  in  feldspar  on  M'Elwee's  farm 
four  miles  S.  E.  of  Dillsburg,  and  on  M.  Elicker's  farm  five  miles 
E.  of  Dillsburg,  York  Co. 

At  Cornwall,  Lebanon  Co.,  it  is  found  between  the  Middle  and 
Grassy  Hills. 

d.  I.  Mountain  Leather. — There  is  a  specimen  of  this  sub-variety 
in  the  Lafayette  College  museum  from  Bowertown,  Berks  Co. 

d.  II.  Mountain  Cork.— Occurs  £  of  a  mile  N.  W.  of  .Radnor 
station,  Delaware  Co.  (Rand.) 


34.  BERYL.   (70) 

This  mineral  is  found  in  Ridley  and  Springfield  townships, 
Delaware  Co.  Dr.  Genth  mentions  a  crystal  from  Chester  Co. 
weighing  51  Ibs.  Mr.  Jefferis  informs  me  that  it  was  found  at 
"  Beryl  Hill,"  seven  miles  W.  of  West  Chester. 


35.  CHRYSOLITE.   (71) 

Associated  with  picrolite  it  is  found  two  miles  E.  of  Wakefield, 
Lancaster  Co.  In  Delaware  Co.  in  the  townships  of  Edgemont 
and  Middleton.  I  have  noticed  this  mineral  also  at  Cornwall, 
Lebanon  Co.,  where  it  occurs  in  small  crystals  of  a  brownish 
color,  associated  witja  magnetite.  In  Berks  Co.  it  is  found  at  the 
Wheatfield  mine,  near  Fritztown,  and  at  the  Fritz  Island  mine. 


36.   PAYALITE. 

This  mineral  is  found  1J  miles  N.  E.  of  Boyertown,  Berks  Co. 
and  as  a  furnace  product,  at  the  Reading  sheet  mill. 


18  MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

37.  GARNET.  (72) 

The  following  localities  have  been  reported  to  me  as  "Locali- 
ties for  garnets."  In  no  case  has  the  variety  been  given,  and  1  am 
therefore,  obliged  to  place  them  under  this  general  heading. 
Near  Oakford,  Bucks  Co.,  at  Mathuly  mill,  near  Jenkintown  ; 
in  Berks  Co.,  on  V.  Hartman's  farm,  Alsace  twp.;  at  Bishop's  mill, 
Exeter  twp.;  in  Ruscombmanor  twp,,  near  Pricetown  ;  at  Gott- 
schall's  mines  and  at  Antietam  Lake. 

Var.  a.  G-rossularite. — This  variety  occurs  at  Leiperville,  Del- 
aware Co. 

b.  Almandite. — Imperfect  crystals  are  found  at  Mohr's  mine, 
near  Shimersville,  Upper  Milford  twp.,  Lehigh  Co.  An  analysis 
by.J)r.  Smith1  gave  : 

SiO2 ..35.92 

A12O3 19.18     . 

Fe2O3 4.92 

FeO 29.47 

MnO 4.80 

CaO 2.38 

MgO 1170 


100.37 
Sp.  gr.  4.03. 

An  analysis2  of  the  variety  from  Chelsea,  Bethel  twp.,  Dohi- 
Co.,  resulted  : 

SiO, 41.11 

A12O'3 21.00 

FejzOs 2.11 

1<Y() 25.8G 

MnO 2.22 

MgO 5.41 

CaO.,  .   l.S!) 


100.20 
Sp.  gr.  4.028. 

1  Am.  Chem.  Jour.,  V,  276. 
'2   F.  A.  <;cnth,.lr..r  :,,  L18. 


MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  19 

Dr.  Genth1  has  analyzed  the  variety  from  Darby,  Delaware 
Co.,  with  the  following  results  : 

SiO2 35.97 

TiO2 5.12 

A12O3 18.72 

Fe-2O8 1.39 

FeO 3042 

MnO   0.42 

MgO 5.08 

CaO..  .    2:79 


99.91 
Sp.  gr.  4.186. 

This  variety  may  be  identical  with  the  u  Titaniferous  Garnet" 
described  and  analyzed  by  Mr.  H.  A.  Keller2.  His  analysis  re- 
sulted as  follows  : 

Si<)2 36.92 

TiO2 1.14 

FeO 27.36 

Fu2O3 3.74 

A12O3 26.54 

MnO 0.33 

CaO ; 2.76 

MgO 1.66 


100.45 
Sp.  gr.  4.25. 

c.  Andradite,. — Among  a  number  of  minerals  sent  to  me  for 
examination  by  Dr.  S.  G-.  Valentine,  of  Lebanon,  I  have  discov- 
ered this  variety  of  garnet.  It  occurs  in  quartzose  rock  at 
Cornwall,  Lebanon  Co.;  color  brownish  red.  It  is  also  found  at 
Spies  Church.  Alsace  twp.,  Berks  Co.,  and  near  Hosensack  sta- 

1  Geol.  of  Penna.,  C  5, 114. 

2  Pruc.  M.  &  G.  Soc.,  Acad.  Natl.  S<-i  ,  1K80,  21. 


20  MINERALOGY    OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 

tion,  Lower  Milford  twp.,  Lehigh  Co.,  an  analysis  of  whicb   by 
Dr.  Smith1  gave : 

SiO2... 35.25 

Fe2O3 32.17 

FeO 0.92 

CaO 30.80 

MgO trace 


99.14 
Color:  yellow.     Sp.  gr.  5.13. 

38.  ZIRCON.  (75) 

Small  crystals  have  been  found  on  Jacob  Stine's  farm  in  Upper 
Milford,  two  miles  S.  of  Macungie,  Lehigh  Co. 

39.  VESUV1ANITE.  (77) 

This  mineral  in  well  developed,  terminated  prisms  of  a  yellow 
color,  occurs  sparingly  at  the  Fritz  Island  mine,  Berks  Co. 

40.  EPJDOTE.  (78) 

Associated  with  molybdenite  it  is  found  at  Frankford,  Phila- 
delphia. Also  massive  in  Berks  Co.  at  the  following  localities  : 
Fleetwood,  Boyertown,  Pricetown  and  Hancock,  and  in  crystals 
at  Antietam  Lake  and  in  Longswamp  twp. 

41.  ALLANITB.  (79) 

Associated  with  zircon  (in  quartz)  it  is  found  at  Yellow 
Springs,  Chester  Co. 

42.  ZOISITE.  (80) 

This  mineral  is  found  at  the  Poor-house  quarries,  Chester  Co. ? 
and  at  Leiperville,  Delaware  Co. 

1  E.  F.  Smith,  Ain.  Chem.  Jour.,  V,  277. 


MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  21 

43.  AXINITE.i 

The  discovery  of  this  rare  mineral  in  this  State  is  due  to  Prof. 
F.  Prime,  Jr.,  who  brought  it  to  the  notice  of  the  late  Prof.  W. 
T.  Roepper,  whose  collection  now  forms  part  ot  that  contained 
in  the  Museum  at  Lehigh  University,  at  Bethlehem.  The  crys- 
tals, of  the  usual  axe-like  shape  and  generally  of  small  size,  were 
found  in  crystalline  hornblende  at  an  abandoned  ore  pit,  on  a 
farm  three  miles  north  of  Bethlehem,  Northampton  County. 


44.  BIOTITB.    (83; 

This  mineral,  as  a  rock-constituent,  is  found  at  many  localities 
in  the  vicinity  of  Philadelphia-  Two  varieties  from  the  vicinity 
of  Forty-fourth  street  and  Baltimore  avenue,  have  been  analyzed 
by  Dr.  G-enth  (a)  and  Mr.  F.  A.  Genth,  Jr.,  (b)2.  Both  varieties 
of  a  brownish-black  color. 

a.  b. 

Ignition 2.97 2.07 

Fluorine Not  determined. 

Silicic  acid 36.02 36.19 

Titanic  acid 2.20 1.68 

Alumina 18.95 21.66 

Ferric  oxide 3.17 2.64 

Ferrous  oxide 16.44 16.96 

Cupric  oxide 0.10 trace 

Manganous  oxide. .  .  .    0.67 0.52 

Magnesia 9.39 9.36 

Lithia trace trace 

Soda 0.29 0.45 

Potash..  .    9.25.  .  .    8.51 


99.45  100.04 

In  Berks  Co.  it  occurs  near  Huff  church,  a<nd  one  mile  N.  E. 
of  Pricetown. 

1  On  crystals  of  Axinito  from  a  locality  near  Bethlehe'm,  Pa.,  etc.    B.  W.  Fra/ier  Am  J 
Sci.,  XXIV,  I:!'.'. 

2  Gcol.  of  Penna.,  (' 6,  181. 


22  MINERALOGY  OP  PENNSYLVANIA. 

45.  MUSCOVITE.  (84) 

Fine  specimens,  enclosing  magnetite,  occur  at  Nottingham, 
Chester  Co.  In  Berks  Co.  it  is  found  at  Ohlinger  dam,  Oley  tun- 
nel mine,  Clymer  mine  and  in  rhombohedral  crystals  (?)  at  Huff 
church. 

46.  LEPIDOLITE. 

. 

This  mineral,  with  a  number  of  others,  was  sent  to  me  for  de- 
termination. It  is  found  as  a  deep  incrustation  upon  the  quartz- 
ore  rock  at  the  Big  Hill,  Cornwall,  Lebanon  Co.  Upon  exami- 
nation I  found  it  to  be  lepidolite. 


47.   YVERNERITE.  (86) 

Crystals  £  inch  in  length,  of  a  resinous  lustre,  occur  at  Fritz 
Island,  Berks  Co. 


48.  CANCRINITE. 

There  is  a  specimen  of  cancrinite  in  the  Museum  of  the  Acad- 
emy of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  with  the  indefinite  label 
"  Chester  Co.,  Pa." 

49.  ANORITE. 

Occurs  with  corundum  \  mile  S.  of  the  Black  Horse  tavern,  in 
Delaware  Co. 

•  50.  OLIGOCLASE.  (89) 

' 

In  Berks  Co.  it  is  found  at  Hill  church,  at  Little  dam,  at  the 
Nestor  and  Gilbert  mines,  Washington  twp.,  at  Siesholtzville, 

. 


MINERALOGY  OP  PENNSYLVANIA.  23 

and  in  Exeter  tvvp.     The  oligoclase  from  Black   Horse   tavern 

has  been  analyzed  by  Dr.  Genth1  who  found  : 

Silicic  acid 58.22 58.62 

Alumina 22.92 23.55 

Ferric  oxide 0.17 0.17 

Magnesia 0  25 0.46 

Lime 3.02 3.23 

Baryta 2.57 2.54 

Soda 3.68 

Potash 7.06 

Ignition .    .    1.59 1.49 


100.80 

Dr.  Genth2  also  analyzed  the  variety,  moonstone,  from   Scho- 
field's  farm  *  mile  W.  of  Elwyn  station,  Delaware  Co.: 

Silicic  acid 66.24 

Alumina 20.91 

Ferric  oxide trace 

Lime ' 1.61 

Soda 10.14 

Potash 1.12 

Ignition 0  59 

100.61 

Oligoclase  from  Van  Artsdalen's  quarry,  Bucks  Co.,  has  also 
been  analyzed  by  Dr    Genth*  who  found  : 

Ignition 0.23 

Silicic  acid 62.58 

Alumina 23.27 

Ferric  oxide 0.23 

Magnesia 0.15 

Lime '.'.    ...   4.88 

Soda 8.05 

Potash  .  .   1.04 


100.43 


1  Geol.  of  Penna.,  C  5,  116. 

2  Ibid  C  104. 

3  Ibid  C  6,  104. 


24  MINERALOGY    OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 

51.  LABRADORITE.  (88) 

Is  found  at  Antietam  Lake  and  possibly  at  Ohlinger  dam, 
Berks  Co. 

52.  ORTHOCLASE.  (92) 

This  mineral  is  found  at  many  localities  in  Delaware  and  Ches- 
ter Counties,  and  at  Antietam  Lake,  Ohlinger  dam,  Huff  church, 
Mount  Penn  and  Siesholtzville  in  Berks  Co.  The  latter  has 
been  analyzed  Dr.  W.  P.  ELeadden1  and  resulted  as  follows  : 

Silica 66.86 

Alumina 18.97 

Ferrous  oxide 0.62 

Magnesia trace 

Lime 1.41 

Soda 3.61 

Potash.  ..10.04 


101.51 

Dr.  Genth  and  Mr.  F.  A.  Genth,  Jr.,2  have  analyzed  adularia 
and  red  orthoclase  from  Upper  Avondale,  Delaware  Co..  with 
the  following  results  : 

a.  Red  Orthoclase  by  F.  A.  Genth,  Jr. 

b.  Adularia  by  F.  A.  Genth. 

a  b 

Silicic  acid 64.53 65.84 

Alumina 19.64 19.50 

Ferric  oxide trace 

Magnesia 0.25 

Lime 0.16 trace 

Soda 1.77. 3.!)3 

Potash 13.62 I0.(l!> 

Baryta 0.08 

Ignition 0.71 0.22. 


100.68  100.26 


i.  of  I'ciiim..  i).  p.  <;. 

2<;<'"|.  of  iVmui..  C  f>,  1  is. 


MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  25 

I  have  observed  a  very  interesting  crystalline  variety  at  the 
French  Creek  mines,  St.  Peter's,  Chester  Co.     Here  it  occurs  in 
radiating  columnar  crystals  of  light  green  to  light  pink  color. 
Many  of  the  columnar  crystals  measure  6cm  in  length. 
The  following  is  an  analysis  by  Dr.  F.  A.  Genth,  Jr.1 : 

Ignition 0.67 

SiO2..' 62.68 

Fe2O3 0.23 

A1203 20.90 

CaO 0.15 

Na2O None 

K2O..  ,.15.99 


Sp.  gr.  2.528.  100.62 

53.  ALBITB.  (91.) 

Albite  from  Lenni,  Delaware  Co.,  has  been  analyzed  by  Mr. 
G.  M.  Lawrence,2  who  found  : 

Silicic  acid 65.43 

Alumina 20.70 

Magnesia 0.68 

Lime 1.11 

Soda 9.85 

Potash 0.70 

Ignition 1.71 


100.18 

Beautiful  colorless  crystals  are  found  in  red  orthoclase  at  Up- 
per Avondale,  Delaware  Co.,  and  an  analysis  by  Dr.  Genth3  re- 
sulted . 

Silicic  acid ;    68.52 

Alumina 19.44 

Soda 11.42 

Potash  .  .   0.65 


Sp.  gr.  2.604.  100.03 

1  Proc.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.,  XXIV,  4:-}. 

2  Geol.  of  Penim.,  C  ">,  IKi. 
:\  Ibid,  C  5,  117. 


26  MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

These  crystals  are  associated  with  minute  but  beautifully 
modified,  colorless  and  slightly  greenish  crystals  of  beryl,  crys- 
tals of  muscovite,  black  tourmaline  and  calcite. 

In  Berks  Co.,  albite  occurs  at  Siesholtzville,  Little  Dam,  Hill 
church,  and  in  Exeter  and  Washington  twps.  A  variety  from 
S.  Dana's  place,  near  Morrisville,  Bucks  Co.,  anatyzed  by  Dr. 
Genth,1  gave : 

Ignition 0.53 

Silicic  acid 67.01 

Alumina 19.44 

Ferric  oxide 0.52 

Magnesia    0.24 

Lime 1.71 

Soda 10.48 

Potash  .  .   3.30 


100.23 
54.  TOURMALINE.  (95) 

Black  tourmaline,  in  crystals,  is  found  at  New  Hope,  Bucks 
Co.,  and  at  Rossville,  York  Co.  In  Lehigh  Co.,  in  large  perfect 
crystals  imbedded  in  feldspar  at  the  Corundum  locality,  near 
Shimersville  ;  brown  crystals  in  hornblende,  at  the  Bethlehem 
Iron  Go's  mine  H  miles  N.  W.  of  Shimersville,  and  of  a  brownish- 
black  color  on  Lehigh  Mt.,  2  miles  south  of  Allentown. 

Dr.  Smith2  has  made  a  partial  analysis  of  the  brownish-black 
variety  from  Lehigh  Mt.,  and  finds  : 

SiO2  .................  39.41 

A12O3  ................  19.46 

Fe203  ................    8.44 

FeO  .................  7.00 

CaO    ................   3.49 

MgO  ................   2.14 


9.00 
Alkalies  ............. 

Ignition  .............   2.19 


1  Geol.  of  Penna..  C  6,  101. 

2  Am.  Chern.  Jour..  V.  27."i. 


MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  27 

55.  GEHLENITE. 

According  to  Mr.  J.  S.  Diller1  this  mineral,  in  square  prisms, 
occurs  in  furnace  slag  near  McVille,  Armstrong  Co. 

56.  CYANITE.  .101) 

Of  a  green  color,  it  occurs  near  the  London  Grove  Meeting 
House,  and  at  a  quarry  J  mile  S.  of  the  Poor  House  quarries, 
Chester  Co. 

57.  DATOLITE. 

The  only  occurrence  of  this  mineral  in  Pennsylvania  is  at  the 
Fritz  Island  mine  S.  of  Reading. 

58.  TITANiTE.  (102.) 

Clove-brown  crystals  are  found  in  magnetite,  1?  miles  S.  of 
Huff's  church,  Hereford  twp.,  Berks  Co.,  and  liver-brown  crys- 
tals in  the  hornblende  at  Tioga  station,  Philadelphia.  Two 
analyses  of  the  latter  by  Dr.  G-onth2  gave  : 

By  Sodium  Garb.  By  Hydrofluoric  acid. 

Ign 99 87 

SiO2 30.60.. - 

TiO2 37.23 37.02 

A12O8 0.67 0.47 

FeO 0.90 0.90 

MnO trace trace 

MgO '    0.24 trace 

CaO..  ..29.50..  ..29.38 


100.13 
Sp.  gr.  3.596. 


1  Am.  J.  Sci.,  37,  220. 
2Geol.  of  Penn.,  C  6,  130. 


28  .MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

A  dark-brown  titanite  in  well  defined  crystals,  is  found  2  miles 
from  Hosensack  station,  Lower  Milford  twp.,  Lehigh  Co.,  and 
has  been  analyzed  by  Messrs.  Smith  and  Kncrr2  with  the  follow- 
in  g  results : 

SiO2 34.S7 

TiO2 41141 

CaO..  .21:75 


100.03 

Sp.  irr.  3.45. 

59.  STAUROIJTE.  (103,) 

On  the  "Barrens"  N.  of  West   Chester  it  is  found    in    small 
crystals  and  at  Taylor's  quarries  one  mile  N.  of  West  Chester. 


60.  CHRYSOCOLLA.  (104) 

This  mineral  is  found  sparingly  at  the  PriU  Island'inine,  Berks 
County. 

01.  NEOLITE.  (105) 

I  have  been  able  to  identify  this  mineral  as  occurring  at  the 
I>ig  Hill,"  Cornwall,  Lebanon  Co.     Color  grayish -white  ;  struc- 
ture radiated. 

62.  ANTHOSIDERITE. 
This  mineral  occurs  at  the  Dry  Hollow  mine.  Huntingdon  Co. 

63.  PECTOUTE. 

On  granite.it  is  found  at  the  rVankl'ord  quarries,  Philadelphia, 

and  in  gray  acicular   crystals  associated   with    stillnte.  on  lime- 
stone, it  occurs  at  Ilosensafk  station,  Lehigh  Co. 

•1  Am.  Clu'in.  .Imir..  VI.  11'^. 


MINERALOGY  OP  PENNSYLVANIA.  29 

An  analysis  of    this  latter  mineral  has  been  made  by  Messrs. 
Smith  and  Knerri  with  the  following  result : 

SiO2.... ...55.17 

Fe2OB 0.80 

CaO. 30.00 

K20 0.37 

JSfa20 9.02 

H2O...  .   4.63 


99.99 
Sp.  gr.  2.6. 


64.  CALAMINE.  (106) 

Last  summer  (1888),  I  obtained  some  good  crystals  of  a  dark 
brown  color  on  limonite  and  coating  the  interior  of  geodes,  from 
an  abandoned  mine  shaft  on  the  land  of  S.  von  Steuben,  i  mile 
W.  of  Dryland  station,  Northampton  Co. 

At  the  Keystone  Zinc  mine,  near  Birmingham,  Blair  Co.,  it  is 
found  associated  with  sphalerite  and  galenite.  Several  years 
ago  I  analyzed  the  calami ne  from  the  Ueberroth  mine,  Frie- 
densville,  Lehigh  Co.,  which  I  append  herewith,  as  I  believe  this 
to  be  the  first  published  analysis  of  calamine  from  this  old  and 
well-known  locality. 

Si2O3 '.24.32 

Fe2O3 2.12 

H20 7.86 

ZnO.  .  ..65.05 


99.35 


65.  APOPHYLLITE.  (106) 

Fine  crystals  of  apophyllite  are  found  at  the  French  Creek 
mines,  St.  Peter's,  Chester  Co.,  where  th<»y  occur  in  large 
groups,,  some  of  which  measure  two  feet  square.  I  have  some 

1  E.  F.  Smith  and  E.  B.  Knerr,  Am.  Chem.  Jour.,  VI,  411. 


30  MINERALOGY  OP  PENNSYLVANIA. 

very  perfect  crystals  which  measure  14mm,  and  figures  like  fig. 
387  in  Dana  are  frequently  met  with. 

An  analysis  of  very  pure  material  afforded  me  (a) 

a.  b. 

SiO2 51.63 51.88 

CaO 25.42 25.31 

K2O 6.27 6.30 

H2O.,  ,.16.58..  ..16.80 


99.90  100.29 

Dr.  Smith1  (b)  has  also  analyzed  this  mineral  and  I  add  his 
results  for  comparison. 

Mr.  B.  Sadtler,  Jr.,2  gives  an  analysis  of  this  mineral  from  Fritz 
Island.  Crystals  colorless  and  of  pearly  lustre. 

H2O 16.75 

SiO2 51.02 

Fe2O3 1.49 

CaO 24.40 

K20 5.87 

Fl...  .    0.40 


99.93 
H.  4  to  4-5,     Sp.  gr.  2.5. 


66.  ALLOPHANE.  (107) 

As  white,  mammillary  and  stalactical  incrustations  on  limon- 
ite,  it  found  near  the  village  of  Ballietsville  7  miles  from  Allen- 
town,  Lehigh  Co.  An  analysis  by  Dr.  Smith3  afforded  : 

H2O 40.8(5 

Si()2 21.39 

A12<)3 35.20 

CaCO3(MgCO3) .   1.96 


99.41 


1  E.  F.  Smith,  Am.  Chem.  Jour.,  VI.  II".. 

2  B  F.  Sadtler,  Jr.,  Ibid  IV,  :',.Y7. 

3  E.  F.  Smith,  Ibid  V,  272. 


MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  31 

67.  MESOLITE.  (308) 

No  new  localities  of  this  zeolite  have  been  reported  since  the 
publication  of  Dr.  Genth's  report.  I  append  herewith  an  analysis 
of  the  Fritz  Island  mineral  made  by  Mr.  B.  Sadtler,  Jr.1: 

H20 16.01 

SiO* ..43.29 

Fe2O3 trace. 

A12Q3 25.02 

CaO ....12.15 

Na20 3.40 


99.87 
H.  2-5  to  3.     Sp.  gr.  2.4. 

68.  ANALCITE. 

At  Cornwall,  Lebanon  Co.,  there  occurs  a  greenish-white  min- 
eral in  cavities  in  the  magnetite,  which  I  have  carefully 
examined  and  which  proves  to  be  analcite.  On  account  of  the 
limited  quantity  of  mineral  I  was  unable  to  make  a  complete 
quantitative  analysis.  It  is  also  found  at  the  Flails  of  the  Schuyl- 
kill,  near  Philadelphia. 

69.  CHABAZITE.  (108) 

A  few  small  crystals  have  been  found  in  the  quarries  at  Leiper- 
ville,  Delaware  Co.  According  to  Mr.  Lewis  Palmer  it  occurs  in 
red  crystals  in  a  hornblendic  gniess  at  Waterville,  near  Chester, 
and  at  Upland,  Delaware  Co. 

Mr.  Sadtler2  gives  an  analysis  of  colorless  crystals  of  a  vitreous 
lustre,  from  the  Fritz  Island  mine,  Berks  Co.  : 

H2O 20.21 

SiO2 50.28 

A1203 17.83 

CaO 6.96 

Na2O 2.43 

K26 2.40 

Fc2O3 trace 

MgO 0.22 

H.  4.     Sp.  gr.  2.3.  100.33 

1  B.  Sadtler,  Jr.,  Am.  Chem.  Jour.,  IV,  356. 

2  B.  Sadtler,  Jr.,  Ibid  IV,  357. 


32  MINERALOGY    OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 

70.  STILBITE.  (109) 

I  have  been  able  to  obtain  some  very  good  crystals  of  this 
mineral  from  St.  Peter's,  Chester  Co.,  where  it  occurs  very  spar- 
ingly, lining  cavities  and  generally  associated  with  calcite.  Some 
of  the  largest  crystals  measure  35mm. 

An  analysis  of  some  pure  material  gave  me: 

SiO2 58.00 

A12O3 ;.    .13.40 

Fe2O3 trace 

CaO 7.80 

MgO 1.40 

K2O ,1.03 

Na2O trace 

H2O  . .  , .  18.30 


99.93 

It  is  found  on  gniess  at  the  quarry  Forty-ninth  and  Leiper 
streets,  Frankford  ;  at  Ridley,  Delaware  Co.,  and  in  Berks  Co., 
at  the  following  localities:  Jones'  mine,  Wheatfield  mine,  Rau- 
denbush  mine,  and  in  radiating  crystalline  masses  S.  of  Boyer- 
town  and  at  Ohlinger  dam. 

In  Lehigh  Co.  it  is  found  in  large  globular  radiating  concre- 
tions upon  the  limestone  on  the  farm  of  Jacob  Schell,  near  II  o- 
sensack  station.  An  analysis  by  Dr.  Smith1  gave  : 

(CaO 9.00)i> 

SiO2 55.31 

A12O3 14.88 

Na2O       1.66 

H2O 18.47 

99.32 
Sp.  gr.  2.21. 

1  E.  F.  Smith,  Am.  Chem.  Jour.,  V,  227. 

2  I  have  added  this  quantity,  having  been  omitted  by  the  printer  <>!'  th<-  A.  ('.  .1. 


MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  33 

Messrs.  Brunner  and  Smithi  have  analyzed  this  mineral  from 
the  VVbeatfield  mines,  near  Fritztown,  where  it  occurs  in  ra- 
diating, fibrous,  pearly  white  masses  upon  a  trap  rock. 

H20 19.42 

SiO2 57.49 

A12O3 13.03 

CaO 8.06 

MgO trace 

Na2O..  .    1.36 


99.36 
Sp.  2.2. 


Stilbite  from  Raudenbush  and  Fegley's  mine,  Berks  Co.,  has 
been  analyzed  with  the  following  results  : 


a 

b 

c 

H20  

18.46  

..18.60. 

18.97 

Si02  

58.01  

..58.15. 

57.54 

AJ2O3.... 

13.75  

..12.47. 

...12.67 

CaO 

7.76  ) 

7.85 

.  .    9.82. 

J\J_£r\_) 

1  38  j 

1.72 

K9O 

0.42  

..   0.13 

1  09 

Na2O  .  . 

.  .  trace  .  . 

.  .trace. 

.  .  trace 

99.78  99.47  99.84 

a  and  b  Raudenbush,  by  Mr.  P.  P.  Davidson.2 
c  Fegley's  Mine,  by  Messrs.  Hoskinson  and  Brunner.3 

71.  HEULANDITB.  (110) 

This  zeolite,  rather  rare  in  Pennsylvania,  is  found  associated 
with  quartz,  calcite.  hornblende,  etc.,  near  Adarnstown,  Lancas- 

1  D.  B.  Brunner  and  E  F.  Smith,  Am.  Chcm*  Jour.,  V,  2SO. 
•2  Am.  Chem.  Jour.,  VI,  414. 
3  Jldd  VI,  4  M. 


34  MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

ter  Co.  The  crystals  show  the  following  planes  :  ooP,  (ooPoo), 
0  P, — P, — 2  Poo,  (2  Poo),  (Poo)  An  analysis  by  Messrs.  Knerr 
and  Schoenfeld1  afforded  : 

II2O 16.61 

SiO2 57.68 

A12O3 17.05 

CaO 6.78 

MgO 0.69 

Kob 1.13 

Nti2C) trace 

Sp.  gr.   2.2.  99.94 

72.  TALC.  (113) 

Large  quantities  of  talc  are  mined  in  the  counties*  of  Delaware. 
Chester,  Lancaster  and  Northampton.  The  so-called  "light- 
green  variety  of  serpentine"  found  near  Easton  proves,  upon 
examination,  to  be  talc. 

73    PYROPHYLLITE.  (Ill) 

This  mineral  is  found  in  the  coal  slates  at  the  North  Mahanoy 
colliery,  near  Mahanoy  City,  Schuylkill  Co. 

(74.)  SRHPENTINE.  (113) 

Mr.  II.  F.  Keller-  has  analyzed  two  specimens  of  serpentine 
from  Berks  Co.,  with  the  following  results  : 

Ruth's  Mine.  Whcatfield  Mine. 

Silicic  oxide 42.14 41.46 

Ferrous  oxide 2.06 0.99 

Magnesium   oxide 41.61 44.68 

Calcium   oxide trace — 

Water 14.20 14.07 

100.01  101.20 


1  1C.  B.  KiiemiiHl  .}.  Schoenfeld,  Ibid  VI,  412. 

2  Froc.  Am.  I'hil   Soc.,  XXIII,  -12. 


MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  35 

75.  CHLOROPAL. 

Dr.  Valentine  sent  me  a  greenish,  earthy  mineral,  which  he 
found  associated  with  the  magnetite,  at  Big  Hill,  Cornwall, 
Lebanon  Co.  Upon  examination  I  found  it  to  be  chloropal. 

On  Lehigh  Mt.,  S.  of  Allentown,  this  mineral  is  found  at  many 
of  the  "  search  "  pits  dug  in  searching  for  limonite.  In  the 
American  Chemical  Journal,  Vol.  V,  p.  278,  Dr.  E.  F.  Smith 
gives  twelve  analyses  of  this  mineral,  four  of  which  are  here 
appended. 

Yellow.  Yellowish-green. 

H2O 19.61 20.79 

SiO2 40.20 41.16 

Fe2O3 39.52 30.79 

FeO 0.40 0.21 

P2O5 trace A12O3. .   2.05 

MgO «     

K2O... "     4.54 


99.73  99.54 

Brownish-yellow.  Brown. 

H2O    19.27 .- .  17.71 

SiO2 42.37 43.54 

Fe2O3 38.17 39.52 

FeO trace 

P2O5 "     100.77 

MgO "     


99.81 

In  Berks  Co.  it  is  found  in  the  neighborhood  of  Longswamp 
church. 


76.  GLAUCONITE.  (113) 
Lining  cavities  in  feldspar,  it  is  found  at  the   French  Creek 


36  .   MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

mines,  St.  Peter's,  Chester  Co.     An   analysis  by  Messrs.  Knerr 
and  Schoenfeld1  resulted  : 


H20  

.  ,  ..  8.43 

Si02  

.  .  .  .52.86 

Al20s  

7.08 

Fe2O8  

.  .  .  .    7.20 

FeO  

.  .  .  .  19.48 

MgO  . 

.  .  .  .    2.90 

CaO  

.  .  .  .  trace 

K20  , 

.  .     2.23 

Na2O  

.  .  .  .  trace 

100.18 

Sp.  gr.  2:2. 


77.  LEIDYITE. 

This  mineral  of  grass-blue  or  green  color  in  verruciform  incrus- 
tations of  fine  scales  and  resinous  lustre  is  found  at  Leiperville, 
Delaware  Co.  Named  after  the  eminent  anatomist  Dr.  Joseph 
Tjcidy.  It  lias  heen  analyzed  by  Dr.  Koenig2  who  found  : 

SiO2 51.41 

A12O3 16.82 

FeO 8.50 

MgO 3.07 

CaO 3:15 

Hv.O 17.08 

100.03 


78    DKWEYLITK.  (117) 

This   mineral   is  found  at  Ruth's   mine,  in    Berks   Co.,  and   at 
Brinton's  quarry,  S.  of  West  Chester,  Chester  Co.     The  former 

1  E.  B.  Knerr  and  J.  Schoenfold,  Am.  Chem.  .Four.,  VI,  412 
2G.  A.  K<rui<:,  I'ror.  Afad    N»tl.  Sci  ,  isT.s,  si 


MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  37 

mineral  has  been  analyzed  by  Messrs.  Brunner  and  Smith1  with 
the  following  results  : 

H2O . .' 19.49 19.03 

SiO2 45.65 .42.34 

Fe2O3.. 0.20 1.39 

MgO ...34.38 36.77 

CaO .  .  ..trace..  ..trace 


99.69  99.53 

Mr.  H.  F.  Keller2  has'  analyzed   a  yellow  variety  of  waxy 
lustre  : 

Silicic  oxide 39.32 

Ferrous  oxide 0.51 

Calcium  oxide trace 

Magnesium  oxide « .    4 ..... .41.14 

Water..  ..18.41 


99.38 


79.  GENTHITE.  (117) 

There  is  a  very  interesting  locality  for  this  nickel  silicate  at  a 
few  hundred  feet  N.  of  the  steatite  quarry  at  Lafayette,  Mont- 
gomery Co.  Hero  it  occurs  on  an  actinolite  rock  in  thin  coat- 
ings, which,  under  the  microscope,  show  the  mammillary  and 
stalactitic  structure  characteristic  of  the  species. 


80.  AQUACREPTITE.  (122.) 

This  mineral  is  found  in  partially  decomposed  gneiss  on  Lans- 
downc  Ave.,  1J  miles  W.  of  Hestonville,  Philadelphia. 

1  D.  B.  Brunner  and  E.  F.  Smith,  Am.  Chem.  Jour.,  V,  280. 

2  Proc.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.,  XXIII,  41. 


38  MINERALOGY    OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 

81.   FAHLUNITE. 

In  irregular  masses  of  pale  green  color  in  orthoclase,  this 
mineral  occurs  at  MeKinney's  quarry,  Kitten  house  street  and 
at  Xester  &  Shelmire's  quarry  on  Wayne  street,  Germantown. 

82.  DAMOURITE.  (122.) 

In  Berks  Co.  this  mineral  is  found  at  the  Wheatfield  mine, 
Merkle  farm,  Oley  twp.,  Fox's  farm,  Rnscombmanor  twp.,  and 
of  a  yellowish  green  color  at  the  Rockland  Forges. 

83.  HISINGBRITE.  (128.) 

The  variety.    Degerwite,  is  found  at  the  Dry  Hollow  mine, 
Huntingdon  Co. 


in 


84.  PENNINITE.  (130) 

Kammererite  is  found  at  the  Wheatfield  mine,  near  Kritztown, 
Berks  Co. 


85.  RIPIDOLITE.  (131) 

This  mineral  occurs,  associated  with  magnetite,  at  the  Corn- 
wall mines,  Lebanon  Co.,  and  in  Berks  Co.  at  the  Fritz  Island 
and  Jones  mines. 

86.  PIIILADELPHITE.i 

This  vermiculite  occurs  at  three  localities  in  Philadelphia,  (a) 
near  Wayne  station,  on  the  Germantown  R.  R.,  (b)  at  McKin- 
ney's quarry,  on  Wayne  street,  and  in  Germantown.  It  is  found 
in  plates  of  brown  color  in  seams  in  an  altered  hornblende. 

1  Proc.  M.  &  G.  Soo.,  Acad.  Natl.  Sci.,  1877-7H,  p.  71. 


MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  39 

Analyses  by  Mr.  Haines  (a)  and  the  late  Prof.  H.  Carvill 
Lewis  (b)  gave  : 

a.  b. 

SiO2 38.79 35.73 

TiO2 1.03 

A12O3 14.78 15.77 

Fe2O3.  .-. 20.30 19.46 

V~2O3 0.37 

FeO 2.04 2.18 

MnO 0.50 

NiO ) 0.06 

CoO j  

CuO 0.08 

MgO 11.40 11.56 

CaO 1.03 1.46 

Na2O 0.77 0.90 

Li2O trace 

K2O 6.75 6.81 

P2O5 0.11 

Cl trace 

H2SO4 trace 

H2O 4.27 4.34 

100.13  300.45 

Sp.  gr.  (in  alcohol)  2.78—2.96. 

87.  COLUMBITE.  (137) 

A  beautiful  doubly-terminated  crystal,  1  of  an  inch  in  length 
by  \  an  inch  in  width,  of  a  black  color,  was  found  in  1882  at  the 
Mineral  Hill  locality,  Delaware  Co. 

88.   EUXENITE. 

Last  Fall  this  mineral  was  sent  to  me  for  identification  and 
upon  examination,  I  found  it  to  be  the  very  rare  mineral, 
euxenite.  It  is  an  imperfect  crystal  about  f  of  an  inch  in  length, 
and  of  a  brownish  black  color.  I  have  been  unable  to  ascertain 
the  exact  locality. 


40  MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

89.  APATITE.  (138) 

This  lime  phosphate  is  found  at  Ridley,  Delaware  Co..  and  at 
Ruth's  mine  in  Berks  Co. 

90.  ERYTHRITE. 

This  cobalt  arsenate  occurs  sparingly,  generally  forming  an 
incrustation  upon  the  pyroxene  and  calcite,  at  the  French  Creek 
mines,  St.  Peter's,  Chester  Co.  At  the  Wheatley  lead  mines  2£ 
miles  S.  of  Phoenixville,  Chester  Co.,  it  is  found  in  veins  and  in- 
crustations, which,  under  the  microscope,  show  minute  globular 
crystals.  The  latter  locality  was  discovered  by  Mr.  L.  Woolman. 
These  two  localities  are  the  only  ones,  so  far  recorded,  in  North 
America. 

91.   WAVELLITB.  (142) 

I  have  observed  this  mineral  in  botryoidal  and  hemispherical 
masses  at  the  Wheatley  lead  mines  2?  miles  S.  of  Phoenixville, 
Chester  Co.  It  is  occasionally  found  at  the  Whcatficld  mine, 
Berks  Co.  In  beautiful,  colorless,  radiating  nodules,  on  limonite, 
it  is  found  on  the  farm  of  Jacob  Stine,  in  Upper  Milford, 
two  miles  S.  of  Macungie,  Lehigh  Co-  Dr.  Smith1  has  analyzed 
this  mineral  with  the  following  result : 

A12O3 36.66 

P2O5 34.14 

H2O 28.32 

Fl trace 

Limonite. .  .   0.60 


92.  DUFRENITE. 

93.  CACOXBNITB. 

These  two  hydrous  phosphates  are  found  at  the  Dry  Hollow 
mine,  Huntingdon  Co. 

1  E.  F.  Smith,  Am.  Chem.  Jour.,  V.  273. 


MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

94.  AUTUNITE.   (144) 


41 


This  uranium-lime  phosphate  is  found  on  orthoclase  at  Avon- 
dale,  Delaware  Co. 

95.  BAR1TE.  (145) 

This  mineral  is  found  at  many  localities  throughout  the  State. 
In  Huntingdon  Co  on  the  Broad  Top  Mountain  ;  in  Franklin 
Co.  on  Hoving's  farm,  3  miles  S.  E.  of  and  3  miles  N.  E.  of 
Waynesboro',  and  in  large  white  cleavable  masses  at  Lancaster 
station  ;  in  Blair  Co.,  associated  with  galenite  and  sphalerite,  at 
the  Keystone  zinc  mine,  near  Birmingham;  in  Fulton  Co.  at 
Dyson  Fraker's  farm,  near  Fort  Littleton  ;  in  Berks  Co.  at  Alt. 
^Etna,  in  Tulpehocken  twp. ;  in  Bedford  Co.,  in  small  tubular 
crystals  at  Bridgeport. 

The  following  analyses  of  barite  were  made  at  the  Laboratory 
of  the  Second  Geological  Survey  of  Pennsylvania  : 


a. 

(). 

c. 

e. 

Sulphate  of  baryta  
Sulphate  of  strontia  
Oxide  of  iron  and  alumina  
Oxide  of  Manganese  
Lime  
Magnesia  
Carbonic  acid  

95.22. 
.none. 
0.38. 
0.05. 
0.59. 
0.18 
0.65 

...96.91. 
none. 
...  0.31. 

...97.08.... 
.  .  .  none  
...  0.76.... 

95.91.. 
none.  .  . 
0.24.. 

0.17 
0.11.. 

..98.65 
.  .none 
.  .   0.14 

trace 
.  .  trace 

trace 
,  .  .  .  trace 

....  trace 

Water  

0.23 

.  ...   0.08. 

.  ..   0.32.... 

0.09.. 

..   0.20 

Silicic  Acid  

2.45. 

.  2.35. 

.   1.74.. 

2.80.. 

.   1.11 

99.75          99.65         99.90       99.32        100.10 
a  and  b  near  Fort  Littleton,  Montgomery  Co. 
c  Sinking  Valley,  Blair  Co. 
d  and  e  near  Waynesboro',  Franklin  Co. 

In  Montgomery  Co.  it  occurs  at  Hitner's  marble  quarries,  in 
Plymouth  twp.,  and  at  the  Ecton  mine,  near  Shannonville. 


96.  GYPSUM.  (148) 
I  have  observed  gypsum  in  tabular  crystals  and  massive  in  the 


42  MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

cavities  of  limestone  at  Smith's  quarry,  Bushkill  creek,  Easton. 
Beautiful  hexagonal  crystals  are  found  at  Jones'  mine,  at  Bush- 
ong's  mine,  and  at  Boyertown,  Berks  Co.,  and  as  an  efflorescnce 
upon  gniess  at  Darby,  Delaware  Co. 


97.   BPSOMITE.  (148) 

In  small,  colorless,  acicular  crystals  it  occurs  at  Sideling  Hill 
tunnel,  E.  Broad  Top  R.  R..  Huntingdon  Co. 


98.    ALU^OGEN.  (150) 

This  hydrous  alumina  sulphate  is  found  along  the  banks  of  a 
small  stream  in  the  valley  near  Mahanoy  City,  Schuylkill  Co. 


99.   HALOTRICHITE. 

In  fine  incrustations  on  hornblendic  gniess  on  the  river  drive 
below  "  Strawberry  Mansion,"  Fairmount  Park,  Philadelphia. 


100.  COPIAPITE. 

This  mineral  is  found  at  the  same  locality  as  alungen  (Maha- 
noy City.) 

101.  CALCITE.  (152) 

This  species  is  very  widely  distributed  throughout  the  State, 
and  on  account  of  its  very  frequent  occurrence  it  is  seldom 
reported.  The  majority  of  the  localities  have  already  been  de- 
scribed by  Dr.  Genth.  Fine  crystals,  of  the  scalenohedron  vari- 
ety, called  dog-tooth  spar,  occur  in  Berks  Co.  at  Fritz  Island,  Big 
Dam  and  Luckenbill's  cave.  I  have  obtained  the  following  va- 
rieties at  the  French  Creek  mines,  St.  Peter's,  Chester  Co.: 

Dog-tooth  spar,  fine  transparent  crystals  of  light  yellow  color. 

Iceland  spar,  some  of  which  is  equal  to  that  from  Rossie,  N.  Y., 


MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  43 

and  large  single  rhombohedra  quite  transparent  and  of  dark 
yellow  color.  These  latter  generally  occur  on  the  apophyllite. 
Other  localities  in  Berks  Co.  are  Siesholtzville,  Shellington, 
Wernersville,  Wheatfield  mine,  Boyertown,  and  a  pink  variety 
in  blue  quartz  on  Leinbach's  hill  W.  of  Reading;  and  at  Adams- 
town,  Lancaster  Co.,  associated  with  heulandite. 


102.  DOLOMITE.  (154) 

In  small  rhombs  incrusting  limestone,  this  mineral  is  sometimes 
met  with  at  the  Ueberroth  zinc  mine,  Friedensville,  Lehigh  Co. 


103.  MAGNESITE.  (158) 

This  mineral  is  found  at  Spangsville,  Earl  twp.,  Berks  Co.,  and 
in  chlorite  schist  £  mile  S.  of  Paoli,  Chester  Co. 


104.  SIDERITE.  (159) 

Siderite  as  an  ore  is  found  at  the  Barber  mine  S.  of  Alburtis, 
Lehigh  Co.,  and  has  been  analyzed  by  Mr.  M'Creath  and  found 
to  contain  ; 

Ferrous  oxide 45.064 

Ferric  oxide 1.553 

Bisulphide  of  iron 0.457 

Oxide  of  maganese 1.150 

Alumina , .'  1.643 

Lime 0.644 

Magnesia 1.495 

Carbonic  acid 29.330 

Phosphoric  acid 0.142 

Sulphuric  acid ,   0.061 

Water 0.420 

Insoluble  residue.  .  ,.17.575 


99.534 


44  MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

In  Springfield  twp.,  Montgomery  Co.,  associated  with  talc  and 
magnetite.  Near  Mechanicsville,  Clarion  Co.,  small  crystals  are 
found  coating  the  interior  of  geodes.  In  Berks  Co.  at  the 
Weaver  mine  in  Oley  twp.,  and  in  fine  crystals  in  the  interior  of 
nodules  of  amorphous  siderite  at  Dunbar,  Fayette  Co. 


105.  ARAGONITE.    (162) 

Associated  with  deweylite  and  serpentine,  it  is  found  at  Ruth's 
mine;  abundantly  in  small  crystals  and  fibrous  stalactites  at  the 
Crystal  cave,  Virginsville,  and  at  the  Wheatfield  mine,  Berks 
Co.,  and  very  rarely  in  fine  groups  of  radiating  acicular  crystals 
at  Cornwall,  Lebanon  Co.  In  silky  snow  white  masses  and  fibres 
associated  with  serpentine,  it  is  found  at  Sherrer's  talc  quarry 
on  the  Delaware  road  one  mile  north  of  Easton. 


106.  HYDROMAGNESITE.  (164) 

This  mineral,  associated  with  brucite,  is  found  at  Sinking 
Spring,  Spring  twp.,  Berks  Co.,  and  at  Carter's  chrome  mine, 
Little  Britain  twp.,  Lancaster  Co. 


107.  AURICHALCITE. 

This  beautiful  mineral  is  found  at  Jones'  mine  and  at  the  Fritz 
Island  mine,  Berks  Co. 


108.   MALACHITE.    (166) 

This  copper  carbonate  is  quite  abundant  in  many  localities 
along  the  Triassic  red  sandstone  belt,  which  crosses  the  south 
eastern  portion  of  the  State. 

I  have  a  very  fine  specimen  of  malachite,  with  quart/,,  which 
was  found  a  number  of  years  ago  at  Flint  Hill,  Lower  Saucon 
twp.,  Northampton  Co. 

A  few  months  ago  I  found  this  mineral  as  an  incrustation  upon 


MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  45 

the  conglomerate,  a  short  distance  from  Leithsville,  Lower  Sau- 
con  twp.,  Northampton  County.  It  was  formerly  mined  at  this 
locality  and  a  considerable  quantity  taken  out;  however,  on  ac- 
count of  the  small  percentage  of  copper  (If),  it  was  not  a  finan- 
cial success,  and  the  mine  was  abandoned.  In  York  Co.  it  occurs 
at  Altland's  mine  2?  miles  S.  W.  of  Wellsville  ;  in  Adams  Co., 
with  epidote  at  BechteFs  opening,  Hamilton  twp.  ;  at  Bonnough- 
ton,  at  Mills'  mine  1$  miles  N.  E.  of  Fairhill ;  on  argillaceous 
sand  rock  1£  miles  S.  W.  of  Fairfield  ;  on  pophyry  H  miles  S. 
E.  of  D.  Snyder's  farm,  and  near  Waynesboro  ;  in  Nicholson 
twp.,  Wyoming  Co.  ;  in  Pike  Co.  small  quantities  of  malachite 
and  sphalerite  are  found  in  Middle  Smithfield  twp.;  in  Berks 
Co.,  at  the  Wheatfield  mine,  near  Fritztown,  at  the  "  Big  Dam," 
3  miles  S.  of  Eeading;  at  Snydersville  in  Exeter  twp.,  and  near 
Bernsville.  Some  good  specimens  have  been  obtained  at  the 
French  Creek  mines,  St.  Peter's,  Chester  Co. 


109.  AZURITE,  (167.) 

At  the  Upper  Salford  mine  in  Montgomery  Co.,  and  with  chal- 
copyrite  and  malachite,  it  is  found  near  Sellersville.  Associated 
with  native  copper  and  chrysocolla,  it  is  found  on  Benchoff's 
farm  on  the  Emrnettsburg  turnpike,  near  Fairfield,  Adams  Co. 


110.  RANDITB. 

This  hydrous  uranium-lime  carbonate  is  found  at  a  quarry  in 
Frank  ford,  Philadelphia,  N.  E.  of  Adams  street. 


111.  LANSFORDITE1  n.  sp. 

• 

This  new  species,  a  hydrous  magnesium  carbonate,  was  found 
stalactical  in  an  anthracite  mine   at   Lansford,  near  Tamaqua, 
1  P.  A.  Genth,  Zeit.  f.  Kryst,  XIV,  255. 


46  MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Schuylkill  Co.     The  mineral  is  translucent  and  resembles  paraf- 
fine  ;    structure  crystalline  ;  lustre,  vitreous. 

Hardness  2-5.     Sp.  gr.  1.54-1.692. 

COMPOSITION. 

CO2 18.90 

MgO 23.18 

H2O..  ..57.79 


99.87 


112.  DOPPLERITE. 

This  hydro-carbon  compound  was  obtained  from  an  excavation 
near  the  court-house  at  Scranton,  Lackawanna  Co.,  and  is  de- 
scribed by  Prof.  H.  C.  Lewis  in  the  Proc.  Min.  Geol.  Sec.  Acad. 
Natl.  Sci.,  1880-81,  19. 


ERRATA. 

Page    2,  second  line  under  sulphur,  for  zinc  read  zinc. 

"     12,  second  line  under  pyrite,  for  "  galenate"  read  galenite. 
"     13,  eleventh    line  from    bottom,  for   Windsor,    Greenwich 

read  Windsor  and  Greenwich. 
".    13,  first  line   from  bottom,  for  crystals    on  read  crystals 

and  on. 
"     22,  second  line  under  lepidolite,  for  quartzore  read  quartzoso. 


TABLE 

SHOWING    THE    AVAILIBILITY    OF    THE    VARIOUS    MINERALS    AT 
THE    PRINCIPAL    MINES. 

ABBREVIATIONS. 

1  indicates,  poor  specimens    may   be   obtained    from    the   waste 

dumps. 

2  indicates,  fair  specimens  may  be  obtained. 

3  indicates,  good   specimens    may  be  obtained,  as    the  mine    is 

in  operation. 

Z  indicates,  the  mine  produced  principally  zinc  ores. 
SLi  Silver-lead  ores.    Ch  chrome  ores.     Cr  corundum.     L  lead 

ores.    I  iron  ores.     Co  cobalt.     C  copper  ores.     N  nickel. 
a  indicates  the  shaft  has  fallen  in. 
b  indicates  the  mine  is  filled  with  water. 


lb  Bamford  mine.     Z  1£  miles  from  Landisville,  Lancaster  Co. 
lb  Brookdalc  mine.     SL  2£  miles  S.  of  Phoenixville. 
Sb  Carter's  mine.     Ch  Little  Britain  twp.,  Lancaster  Co. 
a  Charlestown  mine.     SLi  3<}  miles  S.  W.  of  Phoenixville. 
la  Chester  Co.  mine.     SLi  south  of  Phcenixvillc. 
3  Cornwall  ore  banks.     1C  Lebanon  Co. 
2ab  Ecton  mine.     LZ  Shannonville,  Montgomery  Co. 
1   Elliott's  mine.     Cr  Ncwlin  twp.,  Chester  Co. 
3  French  Creek  mines.     1C   Warwick  twp.,  Chester  Co. 
2b  Fritz  Island  mine.     I  south  of  Readfng. 
3  Gap  mine.     N  C  Co.  Bart  twp.,  Lancaster  Co. 
2b  Jones'  mine.     1C  near  Joanna,  Berks  Co. 
lb  Keystone  mine.     ZL  Birmingham,  Blair  Co. 
la  Line  Pit.     Ch  Little  Britain  twp.,  Lancaster  Co. 
lb  New  Britain  mine      LZ  Bucks  Co. 
1     Pequea  mine.     LZ  south  of  Lancaster. 
ab  Pcrkiomen  mine.     C  Shannonville,  Montgomery  Co. 
lb  Phillips'  mine.     Ch  W.  Nottingham,  Chester  Co. 
lb  Phoenix  mine.     SLZ  south  of  Phoenixville. 


48  MINERALOGY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

la  Scott's  mine.      Ch  W.  Nottingham,  Chester  Co. 

2  Susquehanna  M.  &  S.  Go's  mine.     ZL  Sunbury. 

3  Ueberroth  mine.     Z  Friedensville,  Lehigh  Co. 
lb  Wheatfield  mine.     I  near  Fritztown,  Berks  Co. 
lb  Wheatley  mine.     SLCZ  south  of  Phoenixville. 

lab  Wood's  mine.  GhN  Little  Britain  twp.,  Lancaster  Co. 


INDEX 

TO   MINERAL  SPECIES,  ANALYSES  AND   COUNTIES. 

Actinolite 16 

Adams  Co 3,  8,  45 

Adularia 24 

Agate 14 

Agate-jasper , 14 

Albite 25 

Allanite 20 

Allophane  30 

Almandite 18 

Alunogen 42 

Amethyst 13 

Amphibole 16 

Analcite 31 

Analysis  of  Albite 25 

Adularia 24 

"            Almandite 18 

Allophane 30 

"            Andradite 20 

"            Apophyllite 30 

Barite '. 41 

Biotite 21 

Brucite 11 

Calainine 29 

Chabazite 31 

Ohloropal 35 

Corundum 8 

"            Deweylite 37 

Enstatite 15 

Fluorite 7 

Garnet 18,  19 

"            Glauconite 36 

Heulandite 34 

"            Lansfordite 46 

Leidyite 36 

Menaccanite 9 

Mesolite 31 

u            Moonstone 23 

Oligoclase 23 


Analysis  of  Orthoclase 24 

Pectolite -j<> 

Philndelphite 39 

PsiJomelane 12 

Sahlite 15 

Serpentine 34 

Siderite 43 

Stilbite...: 33 

Titaniferous  garnet 1!) 

Tilanite 27,  •>' 

Tourmaline 26 

Wavellite 40 

Andradite 19 

Anorthite 22 

Anthophyllite 36 

Anthosiderite 28 

Apatite 40 

Apophyllite 29 

Aqnacreptite 37 

Armstrong  Co 27 

Aragonite 44 

Asbestus 17 

Asbolite 13 

Augite 16 

Aurichalcite 44 

Autunite 41 

Axinite 21 

Azurite ...• 45 

Barite 41 

Bedford  Co '. 10,41 

Berks  Co 3,4,5,6,7,  11,  12,  13,  14,  15.  17,  18,19,20,21,22,24,  2<i, 

27,  28,30,  31,  32,  33,  34,  35,  36,  37,  39,  41,  42,  43,  44,  45 

Beryl 17 

Biotite 21 

Blair  Co , 4,5,29,41 

Blue  quartz 14 

Bornite 4 

Brucite 11 

Bucks  Co 3,4,5,15,23,26 

Byssolite l'» 

Byssolitic  calcite 1<> 

Calamine 29 

Calcite 42' 

Cacoxenite 40 


Cancrinite 22 

Centre  Co    13 

Chabazite , 31 

Chalcedony 14 

Chalcocite 4 

Chalcopyrite 6 

Chester  Co..5,  6, 7,  9, 10*  13, 14, 15, 1 6, 17,  20,  22, 25,  27, 28, 29, 32, 34,  36, 40, 42,  45 

Chlorpoal 35 

Chromite .«...  9 

Cbrysocolla 28 

Chrysolite 17 

Clarion  Co 44 

Columbia  Co 4 

Columbite 39 

Copiatite 42 

Copper 3 

Corundum 8 

Cuprite 7 

Cyanite 27 

Damourite 38 

Datolite 27 

Degeroite 38 

Delaware  Co 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18,  20, 22,  23, 25,  31, 32,  34, 36,  39.  40, 41, 42 

Dog-tooth  Spar 42 

Dolomite 43 

Dopplerite . 46 

Dnfrenite 40 

Enstatite 15 

Epidote 20 

Epsomite 42 

Erythrite 40 

Euxenite 39 

Fahlunite 38 

Fayalite 17 

FayetteCo 4,44 

Fluorite 6 

Franklin  Co 41 

Fulton  Co 41 

Galenite 4 

Garnet 18,  19,  20 

Gehlenite 27 

Genthite 37 


Glauconite 35 

Gothite 11 

Graphite 3 

Grossularite 18 

Gypsum 41 

• 

4 

Halotrichite 42 

Heulandite ;.., 33 

Hisingerite 38 

Hornstone 14 

Huntingdon  Co 4,  10,  12,  13,  28,  38,  40,  41,  42 

Hyalite 14 

Hydronaagnesite 44 

Iceland  Spar 42 

Jasper 14 

Kammererite 3H 

Labradorite 24 

Lackawanna  Co 4,  46 

Lancaster  Co 4,  9, 14,  16,  17,  18,  33,  34,  41.  43,  44 

Lebanon  Co 5,  13,  14,  17,  19,  22,  28,  31,  35,  38,  41 

Lehigh  Co 3,5,6,  8,  10,11,  12,15,20,26,28,29,30,32,40,43 

Leidyite 36 

Lepidolite 22 

Magnesite 43 

Malachite 44 

Marcasite 6 

Melaconite 8 

Menaccanite < 8 

Mesolite 31 

Milky  quartz 14 

Millerite 5 

Monroe  Co 4 

Montgomery  Co 4,  5,  6,  8,  15,  37,  44,  45 

Mountain  cttrk 17 

Mountain  leather 17 

Muscovite 22 

Mussite 16 

Neolite 28 

New  Jersey 3 

New  York...                                          42 


Northampton  Co 3,  11,  12,  13,  14,  16,  21,  29,  34,  42,  44,  45 

Northumberland  Co 4 

Oligoclase 22 

Opal 14 

Orthoclase i 24 

Pectolite 28 

Penninite 38 

Philadelphia  Co 8,  9,  20.  21,  27,  28,31,  32,  37,  38,  42,  45 

Philadelphite 38 

Pike  Co 12,  45 

Pottsville  conglomerate 13 

Psilomelane 12 

Pyrite 5 

Pyrallolite 16 

Pyrolusite .  10 

Pyrophyllite 34 

Pyrrhotite 5 

Pyroxene 15 

Quartz 13 

Randite..... 45 

Ripidolite 38 

Rutile 10 

tiahlite 15 

Schuylkill  Co 42,  46 

Serpentine 34 

Siderite 43 

Silver 3 

Smoky  quartz 14 

Sphalerite 4 

Staurolite 28 

Stilbite : 32 

Sullivan  Co 4 

Sulphur 3 

Susquehanna  Co 12 

Talc 34 

Titanite 27 

Tourmaline 26 

Tremolite 17 

Turgite , 11 


